Relación entre el nivel de funcionalidad y el reingreso hospitalario de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular
Resumen
Introducción: La evaluación de la capacidad funcional refleja la habilidad del individuo para realizar actividades cotidianas que demandan metabolismo aeróbico. El Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) tiene valor pronóstico en la evaluación de pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la funcionalidad, evaluada por el DASI y el reingreso hospitalario de personas con ECV. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con adultos de ambos sexos diagnosticados de ECV. La recolección de datos se realizó en cuatro consultas externas de cardiología. Se utilizaron los siguientes procedimientos: Anamnesis, Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física y determinación de la capacidad funcional mediante la aplicación del DASI. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 160 participantes, con una edad media de 64 (14) años, 61% del sexo femenino, 65% de los servicios públicos. Los principales diagnósticos fueron: 26% hipertensión arterial sistémica, 11% arritmia, 26% insuficiencia cardiaca, 24% enfermedad coronaria y 13% otros; el 80% de las personas declararon ser irregularmente activas y sedentarias. La funcionalidad evaluada por el DASI tuvo una mediana de 19,2 puntos. El análisis de regresión logística identificó que los niveles más bajos de funcionalidad (DASI<19,2), el género masculino y ser usuario de un servicio público son factores asociados de forma independiente con el reingreso hospitalario de los pacientes con ECV. Conclusiones: La baja capacidad funcional se asoció de forma independiente con el reingreso hospitalario.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
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