Termoterapia superficial y ejercicio terapéutico en personas con osteoartritis de rodilla
Resumen
Introducción: La osteoartritis de rodilla es una de las principales causas del dolor y discapacidad motriz. Varias modalidades de fisioterapia han sido recomendadas en las guías clínicas revisadas y revisiones sistemáticas, como ejercicios y electro y termoterapia. Objetivo: Se evaluó la influencia de la aplicación de termoterapia superficial y/o ejercicio terapéutico en la reducción del dolor y mejora de la capacidad funcional en pacientes con osteoartritis de rodilla. Métodos: 30 pacientes divididos en tres grupos (calor superficial, ejercicios, calor superficial más ejercicios) se sometieron a 10 sesiones de tratamiento. La intensidad del dolor se evaluó mediante la escala analógica visual; la flexibilidad muscular con el test de Wells; la ganancia de fuerza con la prueba de una repetición máxima; el tiempo de marcha se analizó con un test de marcha sobre una distancia de 10 metros; y el cuestionario funcional de Lequesne se utilizó para evaluar las actividades funcionales de pacientes. Resultados: Todos los tratamientos realizados redujeron el dolor de rodilla. El grupo de ejercicios mostró una mejora en la flexibilidad y la fuerza muscular de cuádriceps. Y el grupo que recibió calor superficial y ejercicio terapéutico mostró un mejor rendimiento en el tiempo sobre una distancia fija recorrida. Conclusiones: El ejercicio terapéutico y la termoterapia superficial realizados de forma aislada mostraron efectos beneficiosos en individuos con artrosis de rodilla. Sin embargo, la intervención terapéutica realizada en combinación mostró mejores resultados en todos los parámetros evaluados, sugiriendo que el tratamiento clínico puede mejorar la calidad de vida de estos individuos.
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