Termoterapia superficial e exercícios terapêuticos em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho
Resumo
Introdução: A osteoartrite do joelho é uma das principais causas de dor e incapacidade locomotora em todo o mundo. Diversas modalidades fisioterapêuticas têm sido recomendadas em diretrizes clínicas revisadas e revisões sistemáticas, como exercícios e recursos de eletro e termoterapia. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a influência da aplicação de termoterapia superficial e/ou exercício terapêutico na redução da dor e na melhora da capacidade funcional em pacientes com osteoartrite de joelho. Métodos: 30 pacientes foram divididos em três grupos (calor superficial, exercícios, termoterapia superficial mais exercícios) e submetidos a 10 sessões de tratamento. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada por meio da escala visual analógica; flexibilidade muscular com teste de banco de Wells; ganho de força com teste de uma repetição máxima; o tempo de caminhada foi analisado com teste de caminhada de 10 metros; e o questionário funcional de Lequesne foi utilizado para avaliar as atividades funcionais. Resultados: Todos os tratamentos realizados reduziram a dor no joelho. O grupo de exercícios apresentou melhora na flexibilidade e na força muscular do quadríceps. E o grupo que recebeu termoterapia superficial e exercícios mostrou melhor desempenho no tempo numa distância percorrida fixa. Conclusões: O exercício terapêutico e a termoterapia superficial realizados isoladamente demonstraram efeitos benéficos em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho. Porém, a intervenção terapêutica realizada de forma combinada apresentou melhores resultados em todos os parâmetros avaliados, sugerindo que o tratamento clínico pode melhorar a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos.
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