Desarrollo del equilibrio postural y prevención de caídas en personas mayores: estrategias de intervención
Resumen
El equilibrio postural es relevante para la estabilidad corporal, tanto en reposo como en movimiento, y se vuelve más vulnerable con el envejecimiento debido a la pérdida de fuerza muscular, flexibilidad y problemas de visión, aumentando el riesgo de caídas graves en las personas mayores. La prevención eficaz de caídas incluye programas de ejercicio específicos para mejorar el equilibrio, con el objetivo de promover la seguridad y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Investigar estrategias de prevención de caídas enfocadas a mejorar el equilibrio postural en personas mayores. Metodología: Este estudio es una revisión integradora, donde se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos como Pubmed, Embase y Lilacs, desde 2012 hasta 2024. Resultados: De 504 artículos identificados inicialmente, se analizaron 492 luego de eliminar duplicados, resultando en la selección final de 40 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Se concluye que varios programas de entrenamiento del equilibrio postural fueron eficientes para reducir el riesgo de caídas entre los ancianos, incluidas estrategias como el entrenamiento de perturbación y el uso de juegos de realidad virtual, que han surgido como tendencias prometedoras para mejorar la estabilidad y minimizar los impactos negativos de caídas en esta población.
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