Connectivity and Neural Functions of the Amygdala in Autism Spectrum Disorder
An Integrative Literature Review about Neurofunctional and Cognitive Aspects
Abstract
The amygdala is a brain structure that plays an important role in emotional and social regulation. In individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), the amygdala may have some structural and functional differences compared to neurotypical individuals. The aim of the study was to bring together aspects of current knowledge about the morphological and functional differences of the amygdala associated with neurofunctional changes and brain function abnormalities that affect the cognition of people with ASD. An integrative literature review was carried out, based on 9 articles published in the databases of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Online Scientific Electronic Library (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (Mental Health) from original research conducted between 2016 to 2022. Research suggests that the amygdala in autistic people may be overactive in social situations, which can lead to increased anxiety and difficulties in social interaction. Furthermore, the amygdala may be less connected with other brain regions that are involved in understanding emotions and social processing. These differences in amygdala function may contribute to many of the hallmarks of autism symptoms, including difficulties with social communication and interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors. However, more research is needed to fully understand how amygdala function is related to autism and how these differences can be effectively addressed, planned and implemented by health and education professionals.
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