Biomechanics of the throw of water polo in tactical situations

Abstract

Water polo as a collective sport has cyclical and acyclical movements that generate offensive and defensive actions during a game. One of the most important technical foundations is the throwing on goal that allows to increase the scoreboard. The most frequented is the front shot that has the same characteristic to the movement of the penalty when no feints are generated. This technique is divided into three phases called: preparatory, main and final, which are constituted by two positions each in order to study and evaluate from the biomechanics. The general objective is to describe the biomechanical variables of the water polo launch in different tactical situations. The specific objectives are: 1) Determine the elevation of the upper body member in the main phase of water polo launch in different tactical situations, 2) Identify the inclination of the trunk segment in the main phase of water polo launch in different tactical situations and 3) describe the speed of projection of the ball in the water polo launch in different tactical situations. The technique used was the photogrammetric one that has a systematic procedure, likewise, the Kinovea program version 0.8.15 was used for the analysis of movement. The results showed that most of the subjects did not maintain the elevation of the upper limb of the body in the main launch phase; in the inclination of the trunk segment it was more efficient in the collection of penalties. Finally, a low velocity was demonstrated projection of the ball.