Atletas e prevalência de trauma envolvendo a estrutura bucomaxilofacial: conhecimento e uso de protetores bucais
Resumo
Introdução: A análise epidemiológica das fraturas bucomaxilofaciais (BMF) é importante para fornecer cuidados preventivos e tratamento eficaz dessas lesões. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência de acidentes esportivos envolvendo as estruturas BMF e os fatores associados à modalidade esportiva, conhecimento e uso de protetores bucais. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, envolvendo 647 atletas participantes de diferentes esportes em uma cidade brasileira em 2019. Os participantes responderam a um questionário que abordava o desfecho primário - ocorrência de trauma na região da cabeça e pescoço durante atividades esportiva - e o conhecimento e uso de protetores bucais. As seguintes variáveis foram investigadas: estado civil; sexo; idade; escolaridade; esporte; região afetada; causa e consequência do trauma. Resultados: Cento e quarenta e oito atletas (22,87%) sofreram trauma durante atividades esportivas/competição. A boca foi o local mais acometido (30,40%) e a cotovelada foi a principal causa. Em 80 (54,05%) atletas, o trauma ocorreu durante a competição e em 68 (45,95%) durante o treinamento. Um total de 536 atletas (82,84%) conheciam protetor bucal; no entanto, apenas 169 (26,12%) utilizavam; 13 (7,69%) destes usavam um protetor bucal personalizado recomendado por um dentista. Houve associação significativa entre ocorrência de trauma BMF (BMFT) e conhecimento de protetores bucais (p=0,0042), modalidade esportiva (p<0,0001), escolaridade (p<0,0001), idade (p<0,0001) e sexo (p=0,0421). Conclusão: A ocorrência de BMFTs em atletas foi alta. Embora a maioria conhecesse os protetores bucais, seu uso não era uma prática usual.
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