Treinamento multicomponente e de força melhoram saúde mental e qualidade de vida de idosos
Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os efeitos de 6 semanas de treinamento multicomponente (TMC) e de força (TF) em índices de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) de idosos. Um estudo experimental não-randomizado (pré-pós teste) foi conduzido com idosos de ambos os sexos (65-79 anos) designados aos grupos: TMC (n=6, exercícios aeróbios, de amplitude de movimento e fortalecimento) ou TF (n=7, Exercícios de fortalecimento) durante 6 semanas. A saúde mental foi medida pela Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS-21), enquanto a QVRS foi medida pelo SF-36. Os dados foram reportados por média e erro padrão e a análise foi efetuada pelo modelo de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE), cujo tamanho do efeito foi expresso pelo d de Cohen. Na análise por GEE, não foram observados efeitos estatisticamente significantes do grupo, momento ou interação para as variáveis analisadas (P>0,05). O tamanho do efeito foi ligeiramente favorável ao TMC para todos os escores saúde mental (0,14≤d≤0,53). Quanto à QVRS, efeitos favoráveis ao TMC foram verificados para os domínios Dor corporal (d=1,27), Vitalidade (d=0,34) e Aspectos sociais (d=0,22). Por sua vez, o TF foi favorável à melhoria dos domínios Aspectos físicos (d=0,85), Estado geral da saúde (d=2,46), Aspectos emocionais (d=1,29) e Saúde mental (d=0,35). Conclui-se que o TMC foi mais efetivo para a saúde mental e a QVRS de idosos parece ser treino-dependente. Tanto TMC quanto TF, realizados de forma progressiva, podem ser estratégias eficazes para melhoria da saúde mental e QVRS de idosos.
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