Diabetes gestacional y efectos del ejercicio físico en su prevención
Resumen
La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes del embarazo y el ejercicio físico es una propuesta de prevención. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es sintetizar estudios controlados aleatorios de programas de ejercicio físico durante el embarazo para presentar sus efectos sobre la prevención de la DMG y sus beneficios. Esta revisión se basó en las bases de datos bibliográficas Cochrane Library Plus, Wholis, Scielo, PubMed y Web of Science. La estrategia de búsqueda aplicada fue buscar términos como "embarazo o embarazo", "ejercicio físico o actividad física durante el embarazo", "diabetes gestacional o resistencia a la insulina" y "aumento de peso materno o aumento de peso gestacional". Se recuperaron 665 referencias, 10 de las cuales cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y se utilizaron para el análisis. El estudio encontró que el ejercicio físico durante el embarazo previene el aumento excesivo de peso materno al reducir el riesgo de DMG, sin representar un riesgo para el bienestar materno y fetal. Los beneficios de los programas son mayores cuando la intervención incluye ejercicios combinados. Por lo tanto, se debe alentar a las mujeres sin contraindicaciones obstétricas a realizar ejercicios físicos con un seguimiento y orientación adecuados.
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