Gestational Diabetes and the Effects of Physical Exercise in its Prevention
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most frequent complications in pregnancy and physical exercise is a prevention proposal. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize randomized controlled studies of physical exercise programs during pregnancy to show their effects on the prevention of GDM and their benefits. This review was based on the bibliographic databases of the Cochrane Library Plus, Wholis, Scielo, PubMed and Web of Science. An applied research strategy was carried out in a search for terms such as "pregnancy or pregnancy", "physical exercise or physical activity during pregnancy", "gestational diabetes or insulin resistance" and "maternal weight gain or gestational weight gain". 665 references were retrieved, 10 of which meet the inclusion requirements and were used for analysis. The study found that physical exercise during pregnancy prevents excessive maternal weight gain, the risk of GDM, without presenting a risk to maternal and fetal well-being. The benefits of the programs are greatest when the intervention includes combined exercises. Thus, women without obstetric contraindications should be encouraged to perform physical exercises with the necessary monitoring and guidance.
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