Diabetes gestacional e os efeitos do exercício físico em sua prevenção
Resumo
O diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) é uma das complicações mais frequentes da gravidez e o exercício físico é uma proposta para prevenção. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática consiste em sintetizar os estudos randomizados controlados de programas de exercícios físicos, durante a gravidez para e apresentar seus efeitos acerca da prevenção da DMG e seus benefícios. Esta revisão teve como fonte de pesquisa os bancos de dados bibliográficos da Cochrane Library Plus, Wholis, Scielo, PubMed e Web of Science. A estratégia de busca aplicada foi à pesquisa por termos como “gravidez ou gestação”, “exercício físico ou atividade física na gestação”, “diabetes gestacional ou resistência à insulina” e “ganho de peso materno ou ganho de peso gestacional”. Foram recuperadas 665 referências, dos quais 10 deles atendiam aos critérios de inclusão e foram usadas para análise. O estudo verificou que o exercício físico durante a gravidez impede o ganho excessivo de peso materno reduzindo o risco de DMG, sem apresentar risco para o bem-estar materno e fetal. Os benefícios dos programas são maiores quando a intervenção inclui exercícios combinados. Dessa forma mulheres sem contraindicações obstétricas devem ser encorajadas a realizar exercícios físicos com o devido acompanhamento e orientações.
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