Effects of Individualized Functional Training on the Physical Fitness of Women with Obesity
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a global public health problem with negative impact on health. Therefore, effective treatments options are needed. Objective: to evaluate the responses of a supervised functional training program on physical fitness and functional capacity of women with obesity. Methods: a prospective and controlled study was conducted with twenty-four women, BMI >30 and <55 kg/m² and age between 20 and 59 years. The evaluation consisted of anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests that assessed the cardiorespiratory fitness and functional capacity [6-minute step test (ST6min)], the indirect strength of the lower limbs [sit-to-stand test (STS)] and the flexibility [sit and reach test (SR)]. After the baseline evaluations, the volunteers were allocated in two groups: individualized training group (ITG) (n=13), which consisted of aerobic and strength training, for three months, three times a week, 60 minutes per session; and the control group (CG) (n=11) which did not participate in any regular physical exercise program during the same period. At the third month the two groups were reassessed. Results: it was observed significative reductions in waist circumference, hip and neck measurements; all with p<0.01; and increase in VO2max, in the number of movements of STS and in distance reached in the SR test, all with p<0.01 for the ITG. The ITG showed superiority over CG for all exercise test variables studied. Conclusion: The training program improved the distribution of body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility and functional capacity. These are indicatives that the strategy is feasible for women with obesity.
References
American College of Sports Medicine (2014). Diretrizes do ACSM para os Testes de Esforço e sua Prescrição (9ª ed.). Tradução: Dilza Balteiro Pereira de Campos. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Guanabara.
Beavers, K. M., Beavers, D. P., Nesbit, B. A., Ambrosius, W. T., Marsh, A. P., Nicklas, B. J., & Rejeski, W. J. (2014). Effect of an 18-month physical activity and weight loss intervention on body composition in overweight and obese older adults. Obesity, 22(2), 325–331. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20607
Benito, P. J., Bermejo, L. M., Peinado, A. B., López-Plaza, B., Cupeiro, R., Szendrei, B. et al. (2015). Change in weight and body composition in obese subjects following a hypocaloric diet plus different training programs or physical activity recommendations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 118(8), 1006–1013. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2014
Cardoso, J., Azevedo, N., Cassano, C., Kawano, M., & Âmbar, G. (2007). Confiabilidade intra e interobservador da análise cinemática angular do quadril durante o teste sentar e alcançar para mensurar o comprimento dos isquiotibiais em estudantes universitários. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, 11(2), 133–138. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-35552007000200008
Carvalho, L. P., Di Thommazo-Luporini, L., Leheudre, M. A., Bonjorno, J. C., De Oliveira, C. R., Luporini, R. L., Borghi-Silva, A. (2015). Prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness by the six-minute step test and its association with muscle strength and power in sedentary obese and lean young women: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 10(12), 1–16. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145960
Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974), 100(2), 126–131. Retrieved from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC1424733
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Cooke, E. V., Mares, K., Clark, A., Tallis, R. C., & Pomeroy, V. M. (2010). The effects of increased dose of exercise-based therapies to enhance motor recovery after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medicine, 8. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-60
Corazza, S. T., Laux, R. C., Foesch, M. L. S., Dos Santos, D. L., Machado, R. R., Macedo, T. L. et al. (2016). Benefits of functional training for the balance and proprioception in visually impaired persons. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 22(6), 471–475. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220162206164644
Crapo, R. O., Casaburi, R., Coates, A. L., Enright, P. L., MacIntyre, N. R., McKay, R. T., Mottram, C. (2002). ATS statement: Guidelines for the six-minute walk test. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166(1), 111–117. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
Dália dos SANTOS, T., & Goretti Pessoa de Araújo BURGOS, M. (2015). Aspectos Clínicos E Nutricionais Em Mulheres Obesas Durante O Primeiro Ano Após Bypass Gástrico Em Y-De-Roux. ABCD Arq Bras Cir Dig Artigo Original, 28(1), 56–60. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-6720201500S100016
Donnelly, J. E., Blair, S. N., Jakicic, J. M., Manore, M. M., Rankin, J. W., & Smith, B. K. (2009). Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(2), 459–471. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333
Farinatti, P. de T. V., Oliveira, R. B. de, Pinto, V. L. M., Monteiro, W. D., & Francischetti, E. (2005). [Home exercise program: short term effects on physical aptitude and blood pressure in hypertensive individuals]. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 84(6), 473–479. Retrieved from: https://doi.org//S0066-782X2005000600008
Field, A.P. (2009). Discovering Statistics using SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications, 66, 822. Retrieved from: http://www.amazon.com/Discovering-Statistics-using-IBM-SPSS/dp/1446249182
Fitch, K. V., Stanley, T. L., Looby, S. E., Rope, A. M., & Grinspoon, S. K. (2011). Relationship between neck circumference and cardiometabolic parameters in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected adults. Diabetes Care, 34(4), 1026–1031. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1983
Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M.,Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1334–1359. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
Gomes-Neto, M., Araujo, A. D., Junqueira, I. D. A., Oliveira, D., Brasileiro, A., & Arcanjo, F. L. (2016). Comparative study of functional capacity and quality of life among obese and non-obese elderly people with knee osteoarthritis. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 56(2), 126–130. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2015.08.014
Ghroubi, S., Kossemtini, W., Mahersi, S., Elleuch, W., Chaabene, M., & Elleuch, M.H. (2016). Contribution of isokinetic muscle strengthening in the rehabilitation of obese subjects. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 59(2), 87–93. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2016.01.005
Haskell, W. L., Lee, I. M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A. et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(8), 1423–1434. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27
Karvonen, M.J., Kentala, E., & Mustala, O. (1957). The effects of on heart rate. A “longitudinal” study. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn, 35(3), 307–315.
Kirk, S. F. L., Penney, T. L., McHugh, T. L. F., & Sharma, A. M. (2012). Effective weight management practice: A review of the lifestyle intervention evidence. International Journal of Obesity, 36(2), 178–185. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.80
Liao, C. De, Tsauo, J. Y., Lin, L. F., Huang, S. W., Ku, J. W., Chou, L. C., & Liou, T. H. (2017). Effects of elastic resistance exercise on body composition and physical capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity. Medicine (United States), 96(23). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000007115
Marcon, E. R., Gus, I., & Neumann, C. R. (2011). [Impact of a minimum program of supervised exercises in the cardiometabolic risk in patients with morbid obesity]. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 55(5), 331–338. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-27302011000500006
Noronha, F. de R.D., Vale, R.G.S., Nodari Jr., R.J., Giani, T.S., & Bacellar, S., Batista, L.A. et al. (2015). Static balance of elderly women submitted to a physical activity program. Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol., v.18(4). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14181
Ozcelik, O., Ozkan, Y., Algul, S., & Colak, R. (2015). Beneficial effects of training at the anaerobic threshold in addition to pharmacotherapy on weight loss, body composition, and exercise performance in women with obesity. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9, 999–1004. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S84297
Pasanen, T., Tolvanen, S., Heinonen, A., & Kujala, U. M. (2017). Exercise therapy for functional capacity in chronic diseases: An overview of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(20), 1459–1465. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097132
Pataky, Z., Armand, S., Müller-Pinget, S., Golay, A., & Allet, L. (2014). Effects of obesity on functional capacity. Obesity, 22(1), 56–62. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20514
Pessoa, B. V., Jamami, M., Basso, R. P., Regueiro, E. M. G., Di Lorenzo, V. A. P., & Costa, D. (2012). Teste do degrau e teste da cadeira: comportamento das respostas metábolo-ventilatórias e cardiovasculares na DPOC. Fisioterapia Em Movimento, 25(1), 105–115. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-51502012000100011
Ratamess NA, Alvar BA, E. T. (2009). Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(3), 687–708. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181915670
Sarsan, A., Ardic, F., Ozgen, M., Topuz, O., & Sermez, Y. (2006). The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women. Clinical Rehabilitation, 20(9), 773–782. Retrieved from: http://doi.org/10.1177/0269215506070795
Stegen, S., Derave, W., Calders, P., Van Laethem, C., & Pattyn, P. (2011). Physical fitness in morbidly obese patients: Effect of gastric bypass surgery and exercise training. Obesity Surgery, 21(1), 61–70. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-009-0045-y
Trabka, B., Zubrzycki, I. Z., Ossowski, Z., Bojke, O., Clarke, A., Wiacek, M., & Latosik, E. (2014). Effect of a MAST exercise program on anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and serum lipid levels in obese postmenopausal women. Journal of Human Kinetics, 42(1), 149–155. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0069
Weiss, E. P., Jordan, R. C., Frese, E. M., Albert, S. G., & Villareal, D. T. (2017). Effects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(1), 206–217. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001074
World Obesity Federation (2020). Obesity: missing the 2025 global targets. n. March, p. 1–242.
World Health Organization (2015). Controlling the global obesity epidemic. World Health Organization, v. 7, n. 1, p. 1–2. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/obesity/en/
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). WHO | Waist Circumference and Waist–Hip Ratio. Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. Geneva, 8-11 December 2008., (December), 8–11. Retrieved from: http://www.who.int
Copyright (c) 2020 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
