¿El entrenamiento resistido, por un corto período de tiempo, aumenta la fuerza muscular en personas mayores?
Una serie de casos
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento resistido de cuatro semanas sobre la composición corporal y la ganancia de fuerza muscular en personas mayores. Es una serie de casos cuasi-experimentales, cuantitativos, longitudinales. Participaron seis personas mayores asistentes a un gimnasio en Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Para obtener los datos de identificación e historia clínica de los participantes se realizó una anamnesis. También se obtuvieron datos antropométricos y para evaluar la fuerza máxima se realizó el test de una repetición máxima (1RM). Después de realizar la evaluación física y la prueba de fuerza, se inició el protocolo de entrenamiento de resistencia. Los ejercicios se realizaron tres veces por semana durante 45 minutos durante cuatro semanas. Al final del período de intervención, se volvieron a aplicar las pruebas. Para el análisis estadístico se consideró un nivel de significancia del 5%. En cuanto a los parámetros antropométricos, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los períodos pre y post entrenamiento en cuanto al porcentaje de masa grasa, masa magra, masa total e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Sin embargo, hubo un aumento de la fuerza con el programa propuesto (14,00±1,07 kg vs. 16,75±1,2 kg; p=0,0019) en los miembros superiores (remo abierto), así como en los miembros inferiores (Legpress 180º) (16,25±1,66 kg vs. 18,75±1,79 kg, p=0,031). Se sugiere que cuatro semanas de entrenamiento resistido son suficientes para aumentar la fuerza muscular máxima en personas mayores. Sin embargo, este período resultó ser insuficiente para promover cambios significativos en su composición corporal.
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