Cualquier nivel de actividad física reduce la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés en adultos
Resumen
La práctica regular de actividad física puede tener un efecto positivo en el bienestar y reducir los síntomas de estrés, ansiedad y depresión. Sin embargo, algunos estudios indican que un alto nivel de práctica puede tener un impacto negativo en la salud mental. Así, este estudio tuvo el objetivo de analizar en qué medida los diferentes niveles de actividad física influyen en la incidencia de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en adultos brasileños de ambos sexos. Un total de 287 personas participaron del estudio, respondiendo al Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ-versión corta) y a la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Los participantes fueron divididos en cuatro grupos, considerando el nivel de actividad física: sedentarios (n=23), irregularmente activos (n=35), activos (n=88) y muy activos (n=141). Los resultados muestran que, considerando la cantidad de práctica y intensidad de actividades físicas, el grupo sedentario (con poco tiempo a la semana en diferentes dimensiones de la actividad física, como caminar y esfuerzo físico) se asoció con mayores puntuaciones de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Por otro lado, lo mismo no sucedió con los otros grupos. Así, los resultados parecen sugerir que existe un efecto de la práctica de actividad física sobre estas variables, ya que los individuos sedentarios presentaron puntuaciones más altas en todas las dimensiones. Además, para la muestra estudiada, cualquier nivel de práctica de actividad física se asoció con una reducción de la ansiedad, del estrés y de la depresión, sin encontrar diferencias entre individuos irregularmente activos, activos o muy activos.
Referencias
Adamson, B.C., Ensari, I., & Motl, R.W. (2015). Effect of exercise on depressive symptoms in adults with neurologic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96, 1329-1338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.01.005
Awick, E.A., Ehlers, D.K., Aguiñaga, S., Daugherty, A.M., Kramer, A.F., & McAuley, E. (2017). Effects of a randomized exercise trial on physical activity, psychological distress and quality of life in older adults. General Hospital Psychiatry, 49, 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.06.005
Balbim, G.M., Nascimento Junior, J.R.A. do, & Vieira, L.F. (2012). Análise do nível de coesão de grupo e do estresse psicológico pré-competitivo de atletas adultos de voleibol. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 14(6),704-712. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n6p704
Barreto, PM, Moraes, MG, Zanini, GS, Neival, CM., Terra, GDSV, Pessôa Filho, DM, Maffei, WS, & Verardi, CEL (2016). Associated factors between the state of anxiety and a specific gymnastics skill with environmental variations. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(1), 187-191. http://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2016.01029
Brech, G.C., Tertuliano, I.W., Bartholomeu, D., Alonso, A.C., & Montiel, J.M. (2020). Adoção de medidas na rotina diária diante do distanciamento social em virtude da COVID-19. Revista Educação e Ciências da Saúde, 1(1), 75-82. https://educacaoecienciasdasaude.emnuvens.com.br/recs/article/download/9/4
Caspersen, C.J., Powell, K.E., & Christenson, G.M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Report, 100, 126-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3920711/
Dashti, S., Su, T.T., Esfehani, A.J., & Esfehani, R.J. (2014). Effect of Physical Activity Level on Emotional Status of Iranian Women. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(7), 852-857. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.30.07.87
Figueiredo, TKF, Aguiar, RG, Florindo, AA, Alves, MCGP, Baroos, MBA, Goldbaum, M., Ferrari, G., Fisberg, RM, & Cesar, CLG (2021). Mudanças na atividade física total, de lazer e deslocamento na maior cidade da América Latina, 2003-2015. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia, 24, e210030. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210030
Fletcher, D., & Scott, M. (2010). Psychological stress in sports coaches: a review of concepts, research, and practice. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(2), 127-137. http://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903406208
Gleitman, H., Reisberg, D., & Gross, J. (2009). Psicologia (7th ed.). Editora ArtMed.
Gustafsson, H., Sagar, S.S., & Stenling, A. (2017). Fear of failure, psychological stress, and burnout among adolescent athletes competing in high level sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(12), 2091-2102. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12797
Joy, E., Kussman, A., & Nattiv, A. (2016). 2016 update on eating disorders in athletes: A comprehensive narrative review with a focus on clinical assessment and management. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 154-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095735
Kandola, A., Ashdown-Franks, G., Hendrikse, J., Sabiston, C.M., & Stubbs, B. (2019). Physical activity and depression: towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 107, 525-539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040
Leão, A.M., Gomes, I.P., Ferreira, M.J.M., & Cavalcanti, L.P.G. (2018). Prevalência e fatores associados à depressão e ansiedade entre estudantes universitários da área da saúde de um grande centro urbano do nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 42(4), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v42n4RB20180092
Liao, Y., Shibata, A., Ishii, K., & Oka, K. (2016). Independent and Combined Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Depressive Symptoms Among Japanese Adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(4), 402-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-015-9484-0
Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical Activity and Sports-Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Sports, 7(5), 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050127
Matsudo, S., Araújo, T., Matsudo, V., Andrade, D., Andrade, E., Oliveira, LC, & Braggion, G. (2001). Questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ): Estudo de validade e reprodutividade no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde, 6(2), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.v.6n2p5-18
Maugeri, G., Castrogiovanni, P., Battaglia, G., Pippi, R., D’Agata, V., Palma, A., Di Rosa, M., & Musumeci, G. (2020). The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon, 6, e04315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04315
Moreira, N.B., Mazzardo, O., Vagetti, G.C., De Oliveira, V., & De Campos, W. (2016). Quality of life perception of basketball master athletes: association with physical activity level and sports injuries. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 988-996. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1082615
Pascoe, M., Bailey, AP, Craike, M., Carter, T., Patten, R., Stepto, N., & Parker, A. (2020). Physical activity and exercise in youth mental health promotion: A scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e000677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000677
Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2019). High Sedentary Behaviour and Low Physical Activity are Associated with Anxiety and Depression in Myanmar and Vietnam. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(7), 1251. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071251
Pilipović-Spasojević, O., Ponorac, N., & Spremo, M. (2020). Correlation of Physical Activity with Stress, Depression, and Anxiety in Female Students. Scripta Medica, 51(4), 244-251. https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed51-27863
Ramón-Arbués, E., Gea-Caballero, V., Granada-López, J.M., Juárez-Vela, R., Pellicer-García, B., & Antón-Solanas, I. (2020). The Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress and Their Associated Factors in College Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 7001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197001
Schuch, F.B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P.B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023
Schultchen, D., Reichenberger, J., Mittl, T., Weh, T., Smyth, JM, Blechert, J., & Pollatos, O. (2019). Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. British Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 315-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12355
Schwellnus, M., Soligard, T., Alonso, JM, Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, HP, Gabbett, TJ, Gleeson, M., Hagglund, M., Hutchinson, MR, Rensburg, CJV, Meeusen, R., Orchard, JW, Pluim, BM, Raftery, M., Budgett, R., & Engebretsen, L. (2020). How much is too much? (Part 2) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of illness. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 1043-1052. http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096572
Segato, L., Brandt, R., Liz, C.M., Vasconcellos, D.I.C., & Andrade, A (2010). Estresse psicológico de velejadores de alto nível esportivo em competição. Motricidade, 6(3), 53-62. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291798578
Soligard, T., Schwellnus, M., Alonso, JM, Bahr, R., Clarsen, B., Dijkstra, HP, Gabbett, T., Gleeson, M., Hagglund, M., Hutchinson, MR, Rensburg, CJV, Khan, KM, Meeusen, R., Orchard, JW, Pluim, BM, Raftery, M., Budgett, R., & Engebretsen, L. (2016). How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 1030-1041. http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096581
Spielberger, C.D. (1972). Anxiety: current trends in theory and research (1st ed.) New Academic Press.
Stanton, R., To, QG, Khalesi, S., Williams, SL, Alley, SJ, Thwaite, TL, Fenning, AS, & Vandelanotte, C. (2020). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress during COVID-19: Associations with Changes in Physical Activity, Sleep, Tobacco, and Alcohol Use in Australian Adults. International journal of environmental Research and public health, 17(11), 4065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114065
Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Rosenbaum, S., Firth, J., Cosco, T., Veronese, N., Salum, GA, & Schuch, FB (2017). An examination of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 249, 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.020
Thomas, J.R., Nelson, J.K., & Silverman, S.J. (2012). Métodos de Pesquisa em Atividade Física (5th ed.). Editora Artmed.
Vignola, R.C.B., & Tucci, A.M. (2014). Adaptation and validation of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) to Brazilian Portuguese. Journal of Affective Disorders, 115, 104-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.031
Zanini, G.S., Pessôa Filho, D.M., Neiva, C.M., Silva, D.P. da, Ciolac, E.G., & Verardi, C.E.P (2018). Stress and mood states monitoring in a swimming team during a competitive period. Journal of Physical Education and Sport,18(4), 2466-2471. http://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.04369
Zhang, X., Zhu, W., Kang, S., Qiu, L., Lu, Z., & Sun, Y. (2020). Association between Physical Activity and Mood States of Children and Adolescents in Social Isolation during the COVID-19 epidemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207666
Biografía del autor/a
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9130868893057586
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9271769572278086
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5024374872735878
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1227425936234473
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1889880741208820
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1862357744643352
Derechos de autor 2022 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObrasDerivadas 4.0.
