Correlação entre força especial e velocidade no desempenho de triplos saltadores
Resumo
O triplo salto é uma disciplina que requer uma combinação de diferentes capacidades de coordenação, técnicas e físicas de elevada complexidade. Os atletas que o praticam necessitam de um elevado nível de treino e preparação para atingir o seu potencial máximo, pelo que as principais características dos triplos saltadores derivam dos fatores mais importantes que determinam o seu desempenho: a velocidade atingida na abordagem à corrida, a capacidade de manutenção da velocidade ao longo dos 3 saltos, a força reativa necessária para realizar cada um dos 3 saltos e a capacidade de coordenação para combinar diferentes movimentos realizados pelos diferentes segmentos corporais num determinado momento. O estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a correlação entre a força especial e a velocidade com o desempenho competitivo de atletas de triplo salto de nível nacional em Salta, Argentina. Para a obtenção dos dados foram aplicados diferentes ensaios de velocidade e resistência especial no final da fase de preparação geral. Os resultados mostraram que existe uma forte correlação entre a força especial e o triplo salto e uma baixa correlação entre a velocidade e o triplo salto dos atletas de nível nacional da referida disciplina em Salta, Argentina. Concluindo, os resultados obtidos mostram a importância da utilização de testes específicos relacionados com o gesto desportivo para avaliar o processo de treino.
Referências
Allado, E., Ankri, M., Khiami, F., Tamgho, T., Hamroun, A., Proenca Lopes, C., Poussel, M., y Chenuel, B. (2021). Case Report: Stress Fracture in an International Triple Jumper: Importance of an Integrated Care Approach Which Also Incorporates Biomechanics. Frontiers in sports and active living, 3, 683691. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.683691
Allen, S.J., Yeadon, M.R.F., y King, M.A. (2016). The effect of increasing strength and approach velocity on triple jump performance. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(16), 3796-3802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.10.009
Altmann, S., Ringhof, S., Neumann, R., Woll, A., y Rumpf, M.C. (2019). Validity and reliability of speed tests used in soccer: A systematic review. PloS One, 14(8), e0220982. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220982
Antonini, S. (2015). Biomechanics of the Triple Jump. Science & Sport, 5, 12-18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276273598
Aoki, K., Kohmura, Y., Sakuma, K., Koshikawa, K., y Naito, H. (2015). Relationships between field tests of power and athletic performance in track and field athletes specializing in power events. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 10(1), 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.1.133
Asociación Médica Mundial (2013). Declaración de Helsinski. AMM. https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
Bayraktar, I. (2017). Relationships between horizontal velocity variables and jump performance in the triple jump. Science, Movement & Health, 17(2), 96-102. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318447201
Bosco, C. (1994). La valoración de la fuerza con el test de Bosco. Editorial Paidotribo.
Cao, S., y Wang, H. (2023). Injury prevention in the training of triple jump athletes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 29(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0622
Cometti, G. (2007). Manual de pliometria. Editorial Paidotribo.
Comfort, P., Stewart, A., Bloom, L., y Clarkson, B. (2014). Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 28(1), 173-177. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318291b8c7
Eissa, A. (2014). Biomechanical Evaluation of the Phases of the Triple Jump Take-Off in a Top Female Athlete. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40(1) 29-35. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0004
Enoki, S., Nagao, M., Ishimatsu, S., Shimizu, T., y Kuramochi, R. (2021). Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 9(1), 2325967120973397. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967120973397
Graham-Smith, P., y Brice, P. (2010). Speed, strength & power characteristics of horizontal jumpers. 28 International Society of Biomechanics in Sport, University of Northern Michigan. https://ojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de/cpa/article/view/4517
González-Badillo, J.J. (2017). Traditional vs. Sport-Specific Vertical Jump Tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(1), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001476
González-Badillo, J.J., Sánchez-Medina, L., y Ribas-Serna, J. (2022). Toward a New Paradigm in Resistance Training by Means of Velocity Monitoring: A Critical and Challenging Narrative. Sports Med - Open, 8, 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00513-z
Grosser, M., y Starischka, S. (1989). Test de la condición física. Ediciones Roca.
Hamilton, R.T., Shultz, S.J., Schmitz, R.J., y Perrin, D.H. (2008). Triple-hop distance as a valid predictor of lower limb strength and power. Journal of athletic training, 43(2), 144-151. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.144
Haridy, A., El Shaer, O., y Elalem, S. (2020). Discriminant indicators in triple jump: Comparison between different age groups for Egyptian athletes. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 10(1), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.21608/jass.2019.161161
Hanley, B., Bissas, A., y Merlina, S. (2017). Biomechanical report for the IAAF World Championships London 2017: Triple Jump Women. International Association of Athletics Federations. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326478450
Hanley, B., y Gravestock, H. (2018). Biomechanical report for the world indoor Championships 2018: Triple Jump Women. International Association of Athletics Federations. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331149862
Hay, J.G. (1993). Citius, altius, longius (faster, higher, longer): The biomechanics of jumping for distance. Journal of Biomechanics, 26(1), 7-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(93)90076-q
Houvion, M., Prost, R., y Peyloz, H.R. (1986). Tratado de atletismo: Saltos. Editorial Hispano-Europea.
Ibáñez Díaz, R. (2020). Sistema para el control y evaluación de las acciones técnico-tácticas durante el combate del luchador escolar [Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad de Cultura Física “Manuel Fajardo”]. http://accion.uccfd.cu/index.php/accion/article/view/62
Marinova, T., y Peev, P. (2020). Trends in development of women’s triple jump discipline. Series IX Sciences of Human Kinetics, 13(62). 61-66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343603727
Markovic, G., Dizdar, D., Jukic, I., y Cardinale, M. (2004). Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res, 18(3):551-5. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2004)18<551:RAFVOS>2.0.CO;2
Mendoza, L., Nixdor, E., Isele, R., y Günther, C. (2010). Biomechanical analysis of the Triple Jump at the Berlin 2009 IAAF World Championships. International Association of Athletics Federations. https://www.sponet.de/Record/4025574
Moura, N., Moura, T., y Borin, J. (2005). Approach speed and performance in the horizontal jumps: What do Brazilian athletes do? New Studies in Athletics, 20(3), 43-48. https://worldathletics.org/download/downloadnsa?filename=bd7cc9cb-8335-487d-afc0-8d0e48e6f3f1.pdf&urlslug=approach-speed-and-performance-in-the-horizon
Moura, N.A., Han, P., Moura, T., y Moura, L. (2024). Beyond the Numbers: Understanding the Practical Significance of Phase Ratios in Triple Jump. Sport Performance & Science Reports, 221(1), 1-5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379148610
Nigro, F., Bartolomei, S., y Merni, F. (2016, del 9 al 10 de diciembre). Validity of different systems for time measurement in 30m-sprint test. 8th International Conference for Youth Sport 2016, Ljubljana, Eslovenia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311562607
Palacios Santamaría, H., y Romero Frómeta, E. (2020). Resultados de los test pedagógicos en atletas escolares de salto de longitud (14-15 años). Lecturas: Educación física y deportes, 24(261). https://efdeportes.com/efdeportes/index.php/EFDeportes/article/view/1944
Prieto-González, P., y Sedlacek, J. (2022). Effects of Running-Specific Strength Training, Endurance Training, and Concurrent Training on Recreational Endurance Athletes' Performance and Selected Anthropometric Parameters. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 10773. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710773
Platonov, V., y Bulatova, M. (2017). La preparación física. Editorial Paidotribo.
Rodríguez Rosell, D., Mora Custodio, R., Franco Márquez, F., Yáñez García, J.M., y González-Badillo, J.J. (2017). Traditional vs. Sport-Specific Vertical Jump Tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(1), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001476
Rozhkov, V., Stanula, A., Riadova, L. Okun, D., y Stadnyk, S. (2024). Biokinematic characteristics of the triple jump technique in qualified athletes. Slobozhanskyi Herald of Science and Sport, 28(1), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.15391/snsv.2024-1.003
Takahashi, K., Romero Frómeta, E., Gandolfe, S., y Germano, J. (2002). La validez de la preparación de saltadores de alto nivel conformado sólo con cargas específicas de entrenamiento. Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes, 8(52). http://www.efdeportes.com/efd52/saltad.htm
Tenelsen, F., Brueckner, D., Muehlbauer, T., y Hagen, M. (2019). Validity and Reliability of an Electronic Contact Mat for Drop Jump Assessment. Physically Active Adults. Sports, 7(5), 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7050114
Tucker, C., Bissas, A., y Merlino, S. (2019). Biomechanical Report for the IAAF World Indoor Championships 2018: Triple Jump Men. International Association of Athletics Federations. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331149926
Tucker, C., Nicholson, G., Cooke, M., Cooke, M., Sutton, L., Lawton, L., Cooke, M., Hopkinson, M., French, J., y Webber, J. (2018). Biomechanical Report London 2017 Triple Jump Men’s. International Association of Athletics Federations. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326478446
Verkhoshansky, Y. (2006). Todo sobre el método pliométrico. Editorial Paidotribo.
Weineck, J. (2016). Entrenamiento total. Editorial Paidotribo.
World Athletics (2023). Reglamento de competición y técnico. https://worldathletics.org/download/download?filename=89f28d7e-28a9-4593-b1cc-3ab68e615067.pdf&urlslug=C1.1%20%26%20C2.1%20-%20Competition%20Rules%20%26%20Technical%20Rules
Zatsiorski, M. (1989). Metrología deportiva. Editorial Planeta.
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Lecturas: Educación Física y Deportes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
