Parâmetros morfo-funcionais básicos de desempenho atlético avaliados em esportes
Resumo
O desempenho atlético é multifatorial, mas é baseado na preparação física, que compreende um conjunto de parâmetros morfofuncionais ou físicos (componentes, fatores), que são avaliados por testes e medidas. Embora os esportes exijam treinamentos e testes específicos, existem testes básicos que dizem respeito à maioria dos esportes, que devem ser avaliados considerando os dados normativos e descritivos dos testes, dependendo da idade e do esporte. O objetivo do artigo foi determinar e revisar os parâmetros morfofuncionais básicos que precisam ser medidos e valorizados na maioria dos esportes e indicar aspectos a serem considerados no conteúdo dos testes físicos, para os quais foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica. Os parâmetros morfo-funcionais determinados incluem antropometria, composição corporal, força máxima, potência e resistência muscular, capacidades anaeróbia e aeróbia, velocidade, agilidade, flexibilidade e equilíbrio e estabilidade. Conclui-se que é imprescindível que atletas e técnicos procurem desenvolver esses parâmetros, avaliá-los e atingir um nível adequado em cada um, a fim de favorecer o desempenho nas tarefas motoras do esporte. Qualquer teste que avalie cada fator morfofuncional de desempenho deve fornecer informações confiáveis e válidas que permitam orientar o processo de treinamento e ser selecionado de acordo com a análise metabólica, de movimento e lesões no esporte, nível, idade e sexo do atleta, também dependendo do equipamento disponível e dos fatores ambientais.
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